Soils for wicking gardens are widely varied, but must take into account these essential elements :
Compactability,
air supply, and water holding capacity.
Because this is a closed
system, irrigation runoff and loss of nutrients are a thing of the
past. Sustainable gardening principles
allow for use of easily replenished local elements in replace of or in
addition to soil, if these elements meet these essential requirements.
Mixtures of native soil, sand, perlite, rock minerals, coconut coir, hay
(straw), worm castings, gravel, rice hulls, sawdust, newspaper, mulch,
bark, and other local materials have been used for growing medium.
Fertilizers are used in quantities relative to the system size.
Depending on the type of 'soil' used, amendments may be added to provide
for the specific needs of the plant.
Generally
speaking, soil is rock which over time has been reduced by
environmental factors. Sand, silt, clay and mineral nutrients are all
components of the original rock. Soil's physical characteristics
(particle size, shape and arrangement) can be instrumental or
detrimental to the life of your garden. Compactability, air supply and
water holding capacity are the key elements that make your soil a
hospitable environment for your plants. Take for instance volcanic
soils, well known for their ability to provide available nutrients and
aid in healthy plant growth, these soils are the result of a chemical
reaction on the rock during a volcanic eruption and over time result in
deposits of extremely fertile soil- without need of amendments.
Living organisms convert carbon and nitrogen gas into solid compounds,
this is healthy for the environment as a whole. Your plants exchange
soil nutrients for use as fuel to create fruit and continue it's circle
of life, but in turn give us food. The roots of your plants create
habitats through structural improvement of the soil and the living
organisms in the soils, whether microscopic or other, thrive in this
environment while returning their off wastes as another source of energy
for the plant. Water quantity and temperature are the environmental
factors which are characterized by the season or your location and can
determine the possibilities of what you grow. These factors can be
changed by you, the gardener, to balance the soil's ecosystem depending
on the system you choose and whether you use a greenhouse or other
weatherizing techniques. Managing the soil is essential to the life and
health of your plants and therefore your garden. A healthy garden can
not only combat insect attack, but in most cases, insects only attack
plants that are unhealthy.